Architecture Intermediate 1 minute read Updated 2026-06-26 UTC

Capability ontology

A controlled vocabulary for task capabilities, runtime needs, evidence slices, and safe routing decisions.

Research statusArchitecture pattern Publication statePublished Reviewed byMichael Kappel Source reports3

Why an ontology is needed

Routers cannot select specialists from vague names. A model called fast-helper-v2 says almost nothing. A capability ontology defines what the system means by summarization, extraction, classification, planning, code review, math reasoning, refusal, escalation, and tool use.

Ontology dimensions

DimensionExamples
Taskclassify, summarize, transform, extract, judge, route
Domaincode, legal, medical, industrial telemetry, education
Modalitytext, image, audio, tabular, event stream
Risklow impact, regulated, safety critical, security sensitive
Runtimebrowser, edge CPU, GPU, batch, offline
OutputJSON, Markdown, scorecard, trace, executable patch
Evidencebenchmark slice, human review, production shadow, red-team pass

Capability record

pseudocode
RECORD Capability
    capability_id
    display_name
    task_type
    domain_tags
    input_types
    output_schema
    risk_tier
    required_evidence
    allowed_runtime_profiles
    escalation_target
END RECORD

Router use

pseudocode
FUNCTION route_request(request, registry, ontology, policy)
    needed <- CLASSIFY_CAPABILITIES(request, ontology)
    candidates <- registry.FIND_BY_CAPABILITY(needed)
    candidates <- FILTER_BY_PERMISSIONS(candidates, request.context, policy)
    candidates <- SORT_BY_EXPECTED_VIABILITY(candidates, request)

    IF candidates IS EMPTY
        RETURN ESCALATE(request, ontology.escalation_target)
    END IF

    RETURN candidates[0]
END FUNCTION

Avoid tag inflation

A model should not claim every capability. Require evidence for each capability tag. A specialist with five proven tags is more valuable than a model with thirty aspirational tags.

Version the ontology

Changing the ontology can change router behavior and evaluation coverage. Treat ontology changes as release events with migration notes and regression tests.

Source reports used for this guide

These reports are preserved verbatim in the site archive. The guide above is an editorial synthesis and may narrow, qualify, or reorganize claims from the source material.